In this module, we will cover:

• Overview of Laboratory Testing
• Lab Requisition Forms
• Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) and CLIA-Waived Tests
• Quality Assurance and Quality Control
• Preanalytical, Analytical, and Post-analytical errors
• Allergy Testing

Point-of-Care Testing and CLIA-Waived Tests

• Common CLIA-Waived Tests
  • Pregnancy Tests
  • Urine Dipsticks: Components and Reference Ranges
    • Specific Gravity: 1.005-1.030
    • pH: 4.5-8.0
    • Protein: Negative to Trace
    • Glucose: Negative
    • Ketones: Negative
    • Nitrites: Negative
    • Leukocyte Esterase: Negative
  • Strep Tests
  • Fecal Occult Blood Tests
  • Sputum Tests
  • Flu Testing
  • Glucose Testing
    • Glucose Sticks and Normal Glucose Range (70-99 mg/dL fasting)
• Quality Control Measures

Requisitions and Documentation

• Understanding Laboratory Requisitions
  • Key Components: Diagnostic Code, Site, Test Type
• Accurate Specimen Labeling

Specimen Collection, Processing, and Transport

• Specimen Collection Procedures
  • Urine Samples
  • Sputum Samples
• Specimen Transport
  • Maintaining Specimen Integrity
  • Documentation and Tracking

Preanalytical and Post-Analytical Errors

• Common Preanalytical Errors
  • Improper Collection Techniques
  • Incorrect Specimen Handling
  • Mislabeling
• Post-Analytical Errors
  • Reporting Errors
  • Data Entry Mistakes
  • Misinterpretation of Results

Chain of Custody Testing

• Steps for Chain of Custody Testing
  • Collection Procedures
  • Documentation Requirements
• Types of Chain of Custody Tests
  • Drug Testing
    • Required Urine Amount (30-45 mL)
    • Required Temperature (90-100°F within 4 minutes)
    • Directions While Patient is Urinating (e.g., no running water, no soap use)
  • Parentage Testing
    • Buccal Swabs
    • Blood Samples