Module Overview
In this module, we will cover:
- Overview of Laboratory Testing
- Lab Requisition Forms
- Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) and CLIA-Waived Tests
- Quality Assurance and Quality Control
- Preanalytical, Analytical, and Post-analytical errors
- Allergy Testing
Point-of-Care Testing and CLIA-Waived Tests
- Common CLIA-Waived Tests
- Pregnancy Tests
- Urine Dipsticks: Components and Reference Ranges
- Specific Gravity: 1.005-1.030
- pH: 4.5-8.0
- Protein: Negative to Trace
- Glucose: Negative
- Ketones: Negative
- Nitrites: Negative
- Leukocyte Esterase: Negative
- Strep Tests
- Fecal Occult Blood Tests
- Sputum Tests
- Flu Testing
- Glucose Testing
- Glucose Sticks and Normal Glucose Range (70-99 mg/dL fasting)
- Quality Control Measures
Requisitions and Documentation
- Understanding Laboratory Requisitions
- Key Components: Diagnostic Code, Site, Test Type
- Accurate Specimen Labeling
Specimen Collection, Processing, and Transport
- Specimen Collection Procedures
- Urine Samples
- Sputum Samples
- Specimen Transport
- Maintaining Specimen Integrity
- Documentation and Tracking
Preanalytical and Post-Analytical Errors
- Common Preanalytical Errors
- Improper Collection Techniques
- Incorrect Specimen Handling
- Mislabeling
- Post-Analytical Errors
- Reporting Errors
- Data Entry Mistakes
- Misinterpretation of Results
Chain of Custody Testing
- Steps for Chain of Custody Testing
- Collection Procedures
- Documentation Requirements
- Types of Chain of Custody Tests
- Drug Testing
- Required Urine Amount (30-45 mL)
- Required Temperature (90-100°F within 4 minutes)
- Directions While Patient is Urinating (e.g., no running water, no soap use)
- Parentage Testing
- Buccal Swabs
- Blood Samples
- Drug Testing